Denis Miyagashev

In the Republic of Buryatia in result of historical and cultural expertise the archaeological sites, which were need to be submitted to rescue excavation. 2016 year was marked by some «boom» of archaeological rescue excavations, when during a field season rescue excavations were undertaken at several sites by the different organizations. The paper deals with brief of rescue excavations of IMBT SB RAS in 2016-2017. There is a preliminary «book of orders» for the rescue excavations of the archaeological sites.

Since the era of the Xiongnu, nomads of Central Asia began to create cities as places of commerce, craft centers, cult sites, fortifications. The period of domination of Old Uyghurs in Central Asia was marked by a new explosion of urban culture among nomads. In the time of the Uyghur Kaganate, a network of fortifications was established throughout Central Asia. The northern outposts were cities on the territory of modern Tuva. Due to the various objective reasons: geographic, climatic, economic, social, political, the nomads of Central Asia began to create forts, as a place of trade, handicraft centers, religious facilities, fortification for protection against the aggression of neighboring countries and tribal commissions. Urban development in the times of Uyghurs reached a high level. However, the emergence and development of the middle-ages cities in the nomadic societies has no final decision about the mechanism of urban culture. Research of the features of the space for development of urban settlements would clarify one aspect of the problem. Presently, only a few urban settlements are known in the territory of Central Asia and Southern Siberia. This article is dedicated to the research of Uyghur forts of Tuva, located in its Western part. The study is the result of a joint Russian-Mongolian expedition in 2011 on the territory of Barun-Khemchik (West-Khemchik) kozhuun and Dzun-Khemchik (East Khemchik) kozhuun. The collected data allowed to reproduce the latest topographical plans of settlements (with the orientation of the terrain relative to the sides, the presence of structures on their territory and more exact dimensions). The Uyghur expansion significantly influenced the ethnic composition of the population of Southern Siberia. The ancient Uyghurian layer is one of the most important in the ethnogenesis of the Tuvinians.

The paper deals with the first results of the rescue archeological excavations of the cemetery site, located near ulus Verkhniy Burgaltay of Djida district in Buryatia. The intended building of the public road created a menace for destruction of khereksur near the line of road. In a result of excavations was found collection paleontological materials and artifacts concentrated in stone layer of the khereksur. The artefacts аre date from Xiongnu time. The excavated burial mound was a cenotaph.

The paper represents preliminary results of complex researches of Mangirtuy settlement. As a part of multidisciplinary research to identify, the special features of the structural organization of the cultural layer of  Mangirtuy settlement, this complex formation is investigated as part of the modern geological deposits. The human in the places of the settlements has changed geological environment inserting in it an extrinsic to local situation deposits (the rock debris, wooden constructions and other). At the same time the human used the landscape for the purpose of fortification. Were identified special features of inner building system of the settlement and found out that it was spatially associated with extension of natural boundaries of projection of the high terrace above flood plain on which it was aligned.

The paper presents some results of the investigation of new sites. In the results of excavations it was defined two types of sites in one complex – Xiongnu burial ground and the medieval settlement. The interpretation of the materials of excavation of the dwelling is in difficult because of missing of the sites of this type in territory of the Western Transbaikalia. It is obvious that in order to support the problems is necessary to continue excavations. Further research will allow to define the planigraphic features of the complex and to interpret the sites in historical and chronological assessment.

The article shows the first results of the rescue excavations carried out in 2016 in a part of the territory of the object of archaeological heritage "Udinsk fortress". In the course of works a western line of the fortress' defensive constructions was discovered - fragments of a north-western corner tower, remains of a double wall with internal partitions and also a range of vertical embedded pillars set under it. From the outside, beyond the boundaries of the fortress several burials made according to the Orthodox rite were identified.

Падь Липовка – известное еще с конца XIX века хуннское «место» на территории Западного Забайкалья, исследование которого не получило своего дальнейшего развития. Первый случай обнаружения на этом месте ингумации ребенка в сосуде относится к 1898 году, материалы которого были спустя некоторое время опубликованы Ю.Д. Талько-Грынцевичем. В 1964 году случайным образом было найдено второе детское захоронение в глиняном сосуде, изучавшееся П.Б. Коноваловым. В 2005 году Базаровым Б.А. и Дашибаловым Б.Б. на этом местонахождении были выявлены материалы, интерпретированные ими как поселенческие. В 2015 году авторами статьи был обследован небольшой участок оврага, где были найдены фрагменты хуннской керамики. Был выявлен еще один (третий) дополнительный факт ингумации ребенка в сосуде. Несмотря на имеющуюся серию на этом местонахождении детских погребений в сосудах, обнаруженных в разное время, этих материалов пока явно недостаточно для достоверной идентификации памятника в качестве поселения или могильника, либо в качестве и того и другого. В данной работе очерчивается предварительный круг вопросов.
Западное Забайкалье, Бурятия, археология хунну, детское погребение.
Pad’ Lipovka is a Xiongnu site in Western Transbaikalia known since the end of XIX century, research of which was not continued. The first child’s grave was found there in 1898, materials of this site was published by Yu.D. Tal’ko-Gryncevich. In 1964 there was found child’s grave in weasel, researched by P.B. Konovalov. In 2005 B.F. Bazarov and B.B. Dashybalov found at this site the artifacts, interpreted as typical for settlement. In 2015 the authors of the article explored a ravine around of which was found Xiongnu pottery. There was found the third child’s grave in weasel. Despite of series children’s grave in weasels found in different time, the data not enough to identify the site as settlement or cemetery, or both. In the article authors point out the questions which opens this site.
Western Transbaikalia, Buryatia, archaeology of Xiongnu, child's grave.

The article focuses on research of the archeozoological remains in the sites of Xiongnu based on the results of excavations of 2015 year. In 2015 the excavations of Xiongnu sites in the Western Transbaikalia were carried out. The remains of mammals were unearthed in three sites — the Nizhniy Mangitruy settlement and two
cemeteries — Il’movaya Pad’ and Gudzhir-Myge. The cattle was the main source of meat diet for the Xiongnu population, its importance in economy is proved by the findings in burial complexes. Important occupation was dog breeding. The proportion of dog breeding and pig breeding needs to be researched. It appears that in some seasons the hunting of roe, the most widely spread wild hoofed animal in the Transbaikalia, was practiced.

Ulan-Ude is located in the central part of the Selenga midlands, in the contact zone of the southern Siberian forests and the north-Mongolian steppes. The city is located on the banks of the Selenga and Uda rivers. The archaeological sites in the territory of the city and its suburban area demonstrate the potential for the development of "urban archeology". This article gives a brief description of archaeological and ethnographic history of Ulan-Ude.

The paper presents the preliminary results of archaeological excavation of 2016 in archeological site "Udinskiy fortress" by the researchers of IMBT SB RAS. The archaeological excavations on the territory of the object of archaeological heritage "Udinsky fortress" are planned preparing for the 350th anniversary of Ulan-Ude. In result of excavation the family inhumation buried in orthodox tradition was found in the western part of Udinsky fortress.

Modern Ulan-Ude is located in the territory humans inhabited from times immemorial. The Stone Age is broadly represented by archaeological monuments. In the Bronze and early Iron Ages the region was dominated by nomads of the Eurasian steppe belt. From the late Bronze Age well up to the medieval period direct ancestors of Buryats, Turkic and Mongolian tribes inhabited the area. This paper throws limelight on a complex period in the history of Ulan-Ude up to its Verkhneudinsk stage.

The article is devoted to studying the spatial distribution of the Xiongnu sites and distribution of political power on the territory of the Baikal region of Xiongnu Empire. The analysis of the areas of distribution Xiongnu sites in the Western Transbaikalia allowed to allocate territorial groups and preliminary to localize the political center of Western Transbaikalia in Xiongnu time. Large number of ordinary cemeteries and burials of the elite, as well as settlement complexes, which recorded steady Xiongnu tradition on the territory of the Western Transbaikalia is evidences that this territory was integrated into the economy and politics of the Xiongnu state. Particular relevance acquires new researching of the setllement complexes and their significance in the life of the population of arid climatic zones and the correct interpretation of this phenomenon in the context of the studying of nomadic cultures of Central Asia.

The article is a review of the previous stages of the development of the Xiongnu archeology in Buryatia. The authors present preliminary results of the 2015 field study, obtained during the research work (multidisciplinary research) at the Xiongnu sites of Transbaikalia – the settlement Nizhniy Mangirtuy, barrows at Il’movaya Pad and Gudzhir Myge and undefined object Lipovka, conceptualized by the authors as a children's barrow, probably situated on the territory of the settlement.

The article deals with one of the options Xiongnu cemetery location - close to the mineral springs. This tradition has been registered on the territory of Buryatia in the archaeological cultures of the Bronze Age and medieval times. This feature is not accidental and is probably linked to the religious beliefs of the ancient population. It is noteworthy that in all cases the cemeteries near the mineral springs are located on the left side (on the left bank). In 2015, the archaeological squad IMBT SB RAS in the valley Lipovka was excavated an interesting complex represented by inhumation of the child in the pottery. Further archaeological survey is needed to understand whether this children's burial intramural.

The article describes some of the results of archaeology of Xiongnus in Western Transbaikalia, outlines the issues Xiongnu archeology and given vector promising areas of research. For more than a century of studying Xiongnu sites in Western Transbaikalia identified about 100 different sites. Detailed studies of some of them allowed to achieve outstanding results, but, despite this, the problems of ethnic nature of the Xiongnu, issues related to the chronology of Xiongnu sites, which, is closely related to the problem of correlation of textual and archaeological sources, the structure of society, the definition of household lifestyle of Xiongnu, the using of the methods of the natural sciences cycle were still actual, also the question of the role of region in the economy and the place of the Western Transbaikalia in the distribution of political power in the empire-wide system remains unexplored. The purposeful analysis of the Xiongnu sites in their territorial autonomy, allocation of local groups, the identification of the relationship between the settlement and funerary complexes in some areas of their distribution, the study identified regional groups separately is needed. The researches of surveying season in 2015 was aim to this course, in a result of this work was discovered a new Xiongnu cemetery in Ulus Nur Tukhum, the excavations of  settlements Nizhniy Mangirtuy and valley Lipovka began.

A human is linked with the landscape not only in their daily activities, but also sacred. In this publication the authors point at the presence of the series of burial complexes directly relating to the territory of the location of mineral springs, that allows to conclude the possibility of the detecting and description of the sacred space of arshan using archaeological methods. The conclusion is preliminary and is determined by the insufficiency of the evidence base that is needed  for the further detailed research.

Представлены материалы  по  новому  археологическому местонахождению,  названному Шамхаг-Байсан  и  расположен-
ному в Восточных Саянах (Бурятия). Здесь были обнаружены петроглиф и каменная выкладка в виде стрелы у подножия
скалы с рисунком. Стрела обращена острием в сторону рисунка. Исходя из техники исполнения и аналогий с некоторыми
петроглифами Западного Забайкалья, местонахождение Шамхаг-Байсан может относиться к широкому хронологиче-
скому диапазону: бронзовый век – Средневековье. Авторами предполагается ритуально-культовый характер комплекса.
Ключевые слова: петроглифы, бронзовый век, Средневековье, сакральные объекты.